Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune condition that causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and progressive joint damage. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear, RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium—the lining of the joints. It can affect people of all ages but is most common in middle-aged individuals and tends to affect women more than men. With early diagnosis and treatment, symptoms can be managed and joint damage minimised.
Common Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Symptoms of RA often develop gradually and can vary in severity. Common signs include:
Pain and swelling in multiple joints (especially hands, wrists, and feet)
Stiffness, particularly in the morning or after rest
Fatigue and general malaise
Warmth and redness in affected joints
Weight loss and low-grade fever
Symmetrical joint involvement (both sides of the body)
Reduced range of motion or joint deformity in advanced stages
RA symptoms often flare and subside in cycles, with periods of increased activity followed by remission.
Causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis
The exact cause of RA is unknown, but it's believed to be a result of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Key contributors include:
Autoimmune dysfunction – the immune system attacks healthy joint tissue
Genetics – family history of RA increases the risk
Gender – women are more likely to develop RA
Smoking – a known environmental trigger
Obesity – can increase inflammation and joint stress
Infections – some viruses or bacteria may trigger RA in genetically susceptible individuals
Understanding these risk factors can help with early detection and prevention strategies.
When to See a Doctor
You should consult a healthcare professional if:
You experience joint pain, swelling, or stiffness lasting more than a few weeks
Morning stiffness lasts longer than 30 minutes
Symptoms interfere with daily activities
You notice symmetrical symptoms (both hands or knees affected)
Fatigue and general discomfort persist without explanation
Early diagnosis is key to preventing permanent joint damage and improving long-term quality of life.
Which Health Professionals Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis?
A variety of health professionals may be involved in diagnosing and managing RA:
General practitioners (GPs) – for initial evaluation and referrals
Rheumatologists – specialists in autoimmune and joint conditions
Physiotherapists – for maintaining mobility and strength
Occupational therapists – to help with adaptive tools and daily activities
Podiatrists – for managing foot-related joint issues
Dietitians – to support an anti-inflammatory diet and healthy weight
Need health professionals near me who treat RA? My Health Assistant connects you with trusted local experts.
Risks Associated with Untreated Rheumatoid Arthritis
Without treatment, RA can lead to:
Permanent joint damage and deformity
Loss of mobility and function
Osteoporosis from inflammation or steroid use
Increased risk of heart disease, lung disease, and infections
Mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety
Reduced quality of life and independence
Managing RA early reduces the risk of complications and improves long-term outcomes.
Treatment Options for Rheumatoid Arthritis
There is no cure for RA, but many effective treatments are available to manage symptoms and slow progression:
Medications:
Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate
Biologic therapies that target immune system responses
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Corticosteroids for flare-ups
Therapies:
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy
Assistive devices to support joints
Lifestyle management:
Regular low-impact exercise
Balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods
Weight management
Smoking cessation
Surgical options (in advanced cases):
Joint repair or replacement
A comprehensive, individualised approach is key to managing RA effectively.
Summary
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a progressive autoimmune condition that requires early diagnosis and consistent treatment to prevent joint damage and improve quality of life. With the right combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes, many people can manage RA effectively. My Health Assistant makes it easy to find trusted health professionals near me who specialise in arthritis care. Take control of your joint health today at www.myha.co.uk.
