Understanding Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS/PMT)
What is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS/PMT)?
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), also known as Premenstrual Tension (PMT), is a condition that affects many women in the days or weeks leading up to their menstrual period. It involves a range of physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms linked to the hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle. While mild symptoms are common, severe PMS can significantly impact daily life. With the right support and treatment, symptoms can be managed effectively.
Common Symptoms of PMS/PMT
PMS symptoms typically appear 1–2 weeks before menstruation and subside once the period begins. Common symptoms include:
Mood swings, irritability, or tearfulness
Anxiety or depression
Fatigue or difficulty sleeping
Bloating and abdominal cramps
Breast tenderness
Headaches or back pain
Food cravings or appetite changes
Difficulty concentrating
Acne or skin changes
The severity and combination of symptoms vary from person to person and from cycle to cycle.
Causes of PMS/PMT
The exact cause of PMS isn't fully understood, but several factors contribute:
Hormonal fluctuations – particularly in oestrogen and progesterone levels
Neurochemical changes – including fluctuations in serotonin, affecting mood
Lifestyle factors – such as diet, stress, and physical inactivity
Sensitivity to hormonal changes – some women are more sensitive to normal fluctuations
Family history – of PMS or mood disorders
Recognising triggers can help in managing symptoms effectively.
When to See a Doctor
You should consult a healthcare professional if:
PMS symptoms are severe or disrupt your daily activities
You suspect you may have Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) — a more intense form of PMS
You experience symptoms of depression or anxiety
Over-the-counter remedies and lifestyle changes are not providing relief
You have concerns about hormone-related symptoms or menstrual health
An accurate diagnosis helps rule out other conditions with similar symptoms, such as thyroid disorders or mood disorders.
Which Health Professionals Treat PMS/PMT?
PMS can be managed with the help of several healthcare providers, including:
General practitioners (GPs) – for diagnosis, medication, and referrals
Gynaecologists – for hormonal evaluations and menstrual health support
Dietitians – for nutrition advice to ease symptoms
Psychologists or counsellors – for mood-related symptoms or stress management
Endocrinologists – in complex hormonal cases
Looking for health professionals near me to help manage PMS? My Health Assistant connects you with trusted experts locally.
Risks Associated with Untreated PMS
While PMS is not life-threatening, without proper management it can lead to:
Chronic mood disturbances, including anxiety and depression
Relationship difficulties due to emotional symptoms
Reduced productivity or missed work/school
Worsening of other pre-existing conditions
Impact on self-esteem and quality of life
Effective treatment can significantly improve wellbeing and daily functioning.
Treatment Options for PMS/PMT
Treatment is tailored to symptom severity and may include:
Lifestyle changes:
Regular physical activity and stress reduction
A balanced diet rich in whole foods, reducing caffeine and sugar
Improved sleep hygiene
Medical treatments:
Over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen or paracetamol)
Hormonal contraceptives to stabilise hormone levels
SSRIs or antidepressants for mood symptoms
Hormonal therapy in severe cases
Complementary approaches:
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Herbal supplements (e.g., evening primrose oil, vitamin B6 — consult a healthcare provider first)
A combined approach often provides the best symptom relief.
Summary
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS/PMT) is a common yet manageable condition that affects physical and emotional wellbeing in the lead-up to menstruation. With the right care, symptoms can be controlled, and quality of life can be improved. My Health Assistant makes it simple to find trusted health professionals near me who specialise in women’s health and hormonal care. Take the first step towards feeling better at www.myha.co.uk.
