Understanding Parkinson's Disease: Causes, Types, and When to Seek Medical Help

Understanding Parkinson’s Disease

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition that affects movement. It develops when nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine — a chemical responsible for smooth and coordinated muscle movements — become damaged or die. Parkinson’s disease typically begins with mild symptoms that worsen over time, impacting daily activities and quality of life. Although there is currently no cure, early diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle support can greatly improve symptom management.

Common Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease vary between individuals and can include:

Tremors — shaking, often starting in the hands or fingers

Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)

Muscle stiffness and rigidity

Balance and coordination problems, leading to falls

Small or shuffling steps when walking

Changes in speech — such as soft, slurred, or monotone voice

Writing changes — handwriting may become smaller and harder to read

Facial masking — reduced ability to show expressions

Depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and cognitive changes in later stages

Symptoms typically begin gradually and worsen over time.

Causes of Parkinson’s Disease

The exact cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown, but contributing factors may include:

Genetic factors — certain gene mutations are linked to Parkinson’s, though most cases are sporadic

Environmental triggers — exposure to toxins like pesticides may increase risk

Ageing — the risk increases significantly with age, especially after 60

Family history — having a close relative with Parkinson’s slightly raises your risk

Male gender — men are statistically more likely to develop Parkinson’s than women

Research continues into the biological mechanisms that contribute to the disease.

When to See a Doctor

You should consult a healthcare professional if you notice:

Persistent tremors or shaking

Noticeable slowness of movement

Muscle stiffness or unexplained changes in posture and balance

Difficulty with everyday tasks that once were simple

Changes in facial expression, speech, or handwriting

Concerns about memory, mood, or cognitive function

Early diagnosis allows for earlier intervention and better long-term management.

Which Health Professionals Treat Parkinson’s Disease?

Managing Parkinson’s disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, including:

General practitioners (GPs) – for initial assessment and care coordination

Neurologists – for diagnosis and specialist treatment plans

Physiotherapists – for improving mobility, strength, and balance

Occupational therapists – for adapting daily activities and maintaining independence

Speech and language therapists – for communication and swallowing support

Dietitians – for nutritional advice to manage symptoms and medication side effects

Mental health professionals – for managing depression, anxiety, or cognitive changes

Searching for health professionals near me for Parkinson’s care? My Health Assistant can connect you with trusted specialists.

Risks Associated with Untreated Parkinson’s Disease

Without appropriate treatment, Parkinson’s disease can lead to:

Progressive disability and reduced independence

Increased risk of falls and serious injuries

Social isolation and reduced quality of life

Severe swallowing difficulties and malnutrition

Cognitive decline, depression, and dementia in later stages

Early and continuous medical care can slow disease progression and maintain better quality of life.

Treatment Options for Parkinson’s Disease

While there is no cure for Parkinson’s, a range of treatments can manage symptoms effectively:

Medications:

Levodopa combined with carbidopa — the most effective treatment for motor symptoms

Dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, and other medications to manage symptoms

Therapies:

Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy to address physical and communication challenges

Cognitive therapy and mental health support

Surgical options:

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) — for those with advanced Parkinson’s not responding well to medication

Lifestyle changes:

Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and mental stimulation

A tailored, multidisciplinary approach offers the best chance for maintaining function and independence.

Summary

Parkinson’s disease is a complex and progressive condition, but with early intervention, effective symptom management, and the right professional support, individuals can lead active and fulfilling lives. My Health Assistant makes it simple to find trusted health professionals near me who specialise in Parkinson’s care. Take the first step toward better management and support today by visiting www.myha.co.uk.