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Understanding Osteoarthritis: Causes, Types, and When to Seek Medical Help

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Understanding Osteoarthritis

 

What is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative condition that affects the joints, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones gradually wears down over time, leading to joint damage. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint, but it most commonly impacts the knees, hips, hands, and spine. Although it is often associated with ageing, osteoarthritis can affect younger people as well, particularly after joint injuries.

 

Common Symptoms of Osteoarthritis

Symptoms of osteoarthritis can vary depending on which joints are affected and may include:

Joint pain during or after movement

Stiffness, especially after periods of inactivity or first thing in the morning

Loss of flexibility and reduced range of motion

Swelling or tenderness around the joint

A grating or cracking sensation during movement

Formation of bone spurs (extra bits of bone) around the joint

Symptoms tend to worsen gradually and can significantly impact daily activities.

 

Causes of Osteoarthritis

Several factors can contribute to the development of osteoarthritis, including:

Ageing – the risk increases with age

Joint injuries – from accidents or repetitive stress

Obesity – extra weight puts additional stress on joints

Genetics – family history may increase your risk

Bone deformities – congenital joint or cartilage abnormalities

Certain occupations – jobs that involve repetitive joint movements

Understanding the cause can help guide the most effective management strategies.

 

When to See a Doctor

You should seek medical advice if you experience:

Persistent joint pain, stiffness, or swelling

Difficulty moving a joint normally

Symptoms that interfere with daily life, work, or recreational activities

Rapid worsening of joint function

Concerns about joint appearance (such as visible deformities)

Early diagnosis and intervention can slow progression and reduce symptom severity.

 

Which Health Professionals Treat Osteoarthritis?

A range of specialists may help manage osteoarthritis, including:

General practitioners (GPs) – for initial diagnosis and management

Rheumatologists – for specialised care of joint conditions

Orthopaedic surgeons – for surgical intervention if necessary

Physiotherapists – to help maintain joint function and strength

Occupational therapists – to assist with adaptive techniques for daily activities

Pain specialists – for advanced pain management

Looking for health professionals near me to treat osteoarthritis? My Health Assistant can connect you with trusted experts nearby.

 

Risks Associated with Untreated Osteoarthritis

Without proper management, osteoarthritis can lead to:

Chronic pain and disability

Loss of joint function and mobility

Reduced independence

Increased risk of falls and injury

Mental health challenges, including depression and anxiety due to chronic pain

Effective treatment can greatly improve quality of life and maintain independence.

 

Treatment Options for Osteoarthritis

Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving joint function and may include:

Lifestyle modifications:

Weight loss to reduce joint stress

Low-impact exercise such as swimming or cycling

Joint protection techniques

Medications:

Pain relievers such as paracetamol or NSAIDs (ibuprofen)

Topical analgesics

Corticosteroid injections for inflammation

Therapies:

Physiotherapy exercises to strengthen muscles around the joint

Occupational therapy to adapt daily tasks

Surgical options:

Joint replacement surgery (e.g., hip or knee replacement)

Arthroscopy or joint realignment in certain cases

A personalised, multidisciplinary approach ensures the best outcomes.

 

Summary

Osteoarthritis is a progressive condition, but with the right treatment and lifestyle changes, its impact can be significantly reduced. Early intervention, professional support, and ongoing management are key to maintaining mobility, reducing pain, and improving quality of life. My Health Assistant makes it easy to find trusted health professionals near me to guide your osteoarthritis journey. Take control of your joint health today at www.myha.co.uk.