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Understanding Myopia: Causes, Types, and When to Seek Medical Help

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Understanding Myopia

 

What is Myopia?

Myopia, also known as short-sightedness, is a common condition where close objects are seen clearly, but distant objects appear blurry. It occurs when the eye grows too long from front to back, or when the cornea (the eye’s front surface) is too curved. This causes light entering the eye to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it. Myopia often begins in childhood and can worsen with age, but it can be managed effectively with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.

 

Common Symptoms of Myopia

Signs and symptoms of myopia typically include:

Blurred vision when looking at distant objects

Squinting to see clearly

Eye strain or headaches, especially after trying to focus on distant objects

Difficulty seeing while driving, especially at night (night myopia)

Holding books or screens very close to the eyes

Sitting closer to the television or the front of the classroom

Early detection is important to prevent worsening vision and related complications.

 

Causes of Myopia

The development of myopia involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors:

Genetic predisposition – having one or both parents with myopia increases risk

Prolonged near work – such as reading, computer use, or screen time

Lack of outdoor activities – studies suggest less time outdoors may contribute

Eye growth abnormalities – elongation of the eyeball during childhood or adolescence

Preventive measures, like spending more time outdoors, may help reduce the risk of myopia progression in children.

 

When to See a Doctor

You should consult an eye care professional if you or your child:

Notice difficulty seeing distant objects clearly

Experience frequent headaches or eye strain

Need to move closer to screens or whiteboards to see properly

Show signs of declining school performance due to vision issues

Have a family history of myopia and want early screening

Regular eye exams are crucial for detecting and managing myopia effectively.

 

Which Health Professionals Treat Myopia?

Several types of eye care professionals can diagnose and manage myopia, including:

Optometrists – for vision testing, glasses, and contact lens prescriptions

Ophthalmologists – for medical management and surgical options

Orthoptists – for visual therapy, particularly in children

Paediatric ophthalmologists – specialising in childhood myopia

Optical dispensers – for fitting glasses and lenses

Searching for health professionals near me to address myopia? My Health Assistant can help you connect with trusted local specialists.

 

Risks Associated with Untreated Myopia

If left untreated, myopia can lead to:

Increased risk of eye strain and headaches

Difficulty in daily activities such as driving or sports

Higher risk of eye diseases – including retinal detachment, glaucoma, and myopic macular degeneration, especially with high myopia

Poor academic or work performance due to impaired vision

Managing myopia early can help prevent complications and maintain quality of life.

 

Treatment Options for Myopia

Management of myopia focuses on improving vision and slowing progression, and may include:

Corrective lenses:

Prescription glasses or contact lenses to focus light correctly onto the retina

Myopia control treatments:

Specialised contact lenses (e.g., orthokeratology or multifocal lenses)

Atropine eye drops to slow progression in children

Refractive surgery:

LASIK, PRK, or SMILE procedures to reshape the cornea and correct vision (for suitable adults)

Lifestyle changes:

Increasing outdoor activities

Reducing prolonged near work and taking regular screen breaks

A tailored approach based on age, lifestyle, and severity is essential for best outcomes.

 

Summary

Myopia is a common and manageable condition that affects the ability to see distant objects clearly. With early diagnosis, appropriate vision correction, and proactive management, many of the risks associated with worsening myopia can be reduced. My Health Assistant makes it easy to connect with trusted health professionals near me to support your or your child’s eye health. Book your eye care appointment today at www.myha.co.uk.