Understanding Endometriosis: Causes, Types, and When to Seek Medical Help

Understanding Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a long-term, often painful condition where tissue similar to the lining of the womb grows in places outside the uterus—such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bowel, or bladder. It affects around 1 in 10 women and people assigned female at birth, often during reproductive years. If you're living with persistent pelvic pain, fatigue, or other related symptoms, My Health Assistant can help you connect with trusted health professionals near me for expert diagnosis, treatment, and support.

What is Endometriosis?

In endometriosis, tissue that behaves like the uterine lining builds up in areas it shouldn’t, leading to inflammation, scar tissue, and cysts. Unlike the uterine lining, which is shed during a period, this misplaced tissue has nowhere to go—causing pain and potentially affecting fertility.

Endometriosis is a chronic condition that can have a major impact on quality of life, but with proper care, symptoms can be managed effectively.

Common Symptoms of Endometriosis

Symptoms vary from person to person, but common signs include:

Pelvic pain, especially during or before menstruation

Pain during or after sex

Heavy or irregular periods

Pain when passing urine or stools

Fatigue and low energy

Fertility problems or difficulty getting pregnant

Bloating, nausea, or digestive issues (sometimes called “endo belly”)

Symptoms can worsen over time or fluctuate with the menstrual cycle.

Causes and Risk Factors

While the exact cause of endometriosis is unknown, several theories and risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing the condition:

Retrograde menstruation – where menstrual blood flows backward into the pelvic cavity

Genetics – having a family member with endometriosis

Hormonal imbalance, particularly involving oestrogen

Immune system issues

Low body mass index (BMI)

Starting your period early, or going through menopause later

It’s important to note that endometriosis can affect anyone with a uterus, regardless of age or lifestyle.

When to See a Health Professional

You should speak to a health professional if you experience:

Severe or persistent pelvic pain

Painful periods that interfere with daily life

Pain during or after sex

Ongoing digestive issues or painful bowel movements

Unexplained infertility or difficulty conceiving

Getting a diagnosis early can help manage the condition more effectively and reduce long-term complications.

Which Health Professionals Treat Endometriosis

If you’re looking for health professionals near me to help with endometriosis, your care team may include:

GPs (General Practitioners) – for initial assessment and referrals

Gynaecologists – for diagnosis, imaging, and treatment options

Fertility specialists – if conception is affected

Pain specialists – for chronic pain management

Physiotherapists – for pelvic floor therapy and pain relief

Mental health professionals – to support emotional wellbeing and quality of life

A multidisciplinary approach can offer the best outcomes for managing symptoms.

Risks of Ignoring Endometriosis

Without treatment, endometriosis can lead to:

Chronic pelvic pain

Damage to reproductive organs

Infertility

Ovarian cysts (endometriomas)

Emotional health challenges, including depression and anxiety

Reduced quality of life

Early diagnosis and professional support can significantly improve physical and emotional outcomes.

What Treatment Options Are Available?

Treatment is personalised depending on the severity of symptoms and whether you’re trying to conceive. Options may include:

Medical management:

Pain relief medications, such as NSAIDs

Hormonal treatments – including contraceptives or hormone therapy to slow tissue growth

GnRH analogues – to suppress the menstrual cycle

Surgical treatments:

Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) to remove endometrial tissue

Hysterectomy, in rare and severe cases where other treatments haven’t worked

Complementary support:

Diet and lifestyle changes

Pelvic physiotherapy

Counselling or mental health support

Ongoing care with your healthcare team is key to managing this lifelong condition.

Summary

Endometriosis is a complex and often misunderstood condition that can cause pain, fatigue, and fertility challenges—but you don’t have to face it alone. With the right medical care and emotional support, it is possible to manage symptoms and live a full, active life. Use My Health Assistant to connect with expert health professionals near me and take control of your health and wellbeing.